水稻育性调控相关基因RNAi载体的构建及其表型鉴定

利用RNAi干扰技术研究不同基因对花粉发育、卵细胞发育和合子胚发育的影响是一种重要的手段。本研究通过筛选水稻在生殖发育过程中的9个重要调控基因,构建基因的RNAi表达载体,分析转基因植株育性及相关性状表型,以期探明RNAi表达载体对靶标性状的干扰效应。其中,AT61~AT63、AT64~AT66、AT67~AT69表达载体分别靶标花粉育性、卵细胞发育以及合子胚发育的调控。结果表明,除RNAi表达载体AT64没有获得转基因植株外,其余8个RNAi表达载体均获得了转基因植株;对T0代转基因植株的花粉育性、结实率以及潮霉素筛选(40 mg/L)发芽率检测的统计结果显示,RNAi表达载体AT62(花粉发育调控)、AT65(卵细胞发育调控)和AT67(合子胚发育调控)的干扰效应较强。本研究结果将为创制新型水稻基因工程不育系提供策略和选择。     

鸡胚及禽类细胞系在生物医药领域的应用及研究进展

鸡胚因发育过程清楚，长久以来作为基础和应用科学研究领域重要的实验模型，尤其在鸡胚发育早期绒毛尿囊膜阶段，因其血管丰富，是天然的免疫缺陷宿主，是病理学、药理学和肿瘤学等研究领域的理想实验模型。作者简述了发育早期的鸡胚组织结构，并介绍了鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜在肿瘤研究、血管生成、器官移植、烧伤等疾病机理研究中的应用，以及在鸡胚病理模型基础上进行的抗肿瘤药物筛选的应用。重点介绍了鸡胚及禽类细胞系在病毒繁殖和疫苗生产、治疗性蛋白和单抗生产方面的应用研究进展。多种人源病毒、禽源病毒、支原体等可在鸡胚及禽类细胞上增殖，并用于疫苗生产。作者对常用的禽类纤维原细胞和多能干细胞的发展和特点进行了阐述，并总结了商业化的禽类细胞系来源以及部分易感病毒。鸡胚表达系统能够在目的蛋白特定位点产生人源化糖基，减少目的蛋白对人的过敏反应，且禽蛋廉价易得，可作为生产人用单克隆抗体和治疗性蛋白的合适供体。作者介绍了鸡胚及禽类细胞系在生物医药领域应用的最新进展，并对鸡胚作为动物模型在未来的应用进行了展望。     

利用高巧(60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂)防治小豆蚜虫效果研究

[目的]探讨小豆蚜虫防治新技术,比较研究种衣剂拌种的防治效果。[方法]选用高巧(60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂)进行播前拌种试验,采用50 mL水分别加入高巧2、4、6、8 mL拌种1.0kg的处理方法,播种后比较其出苗率及幼苗的发育情况、蚜虫防治效果、小豆百粒重、产量及增产率。[结果]高巧拌种不会影响小豆出苗,可有效防治小豆蚜虫,但防效随时间延长而降低。防效保持在85%以上,可显著提高小豆百粒重和产量。[结论]该技术可在小豆生产中进行推广应用。     

Koi herpesvirus and carp edema virus threaten common carp aquaculture in Croatia

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a very important fish species for warm-water aquaculture in Croatia. All Croatian carp farms are subjected to a surveillance programme for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), causing a deadly disease called koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). However, there is no surveillance for other viral pathogens of importance like carp edema virus (CEV), a causative agent of koi sleepy disease (KSD). During regular testing within the KHVD surveillance programme, we tested samples for CEV simultaneously. The screening indicated possible outbreaks of KHVD and KSD. During 2016, KHVD broke out in an isolated area and soon thereafter a KHV eradication programme was successfully performed. However, during 2018 and 2019, two additional mortality events occurred in lakes in the southern part of Croatia during the spring. Samples from both events tested positive for CEV. An epidemiological investigation confirmed the introduction of infected carps from an infected farm to one of the lakes. To prevent the spreading of CEV into open waters, it is of utmost importance to introduce CEV testing before fish movement or to perform regular testing of all carp farms in the country to determine CEV prevalence for the purpose of implementation of control measures.     

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。     

台湾青枣乳酸发酵饮料的研制

通过单因素试验(青枣果肉添加量、蔗糖添加量、奶粉添加量、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间)研究青枣发酵饮料的感官品质,通过正交试验,确定台湾青枣发酵饮料的最佳配方为青枣果肉添加量30%,蔗糖添加量10%,奶粉添加量6%;青枣发酵乳酸饮料的最佳发酵工艺为发酵时间35 h,发酵温度30℃,接种量0.25%。     

The use of infrared spectroscopy and machine learning tools for detection of Meloidogyne infestations

Plant parasitic nematodes are generally soilborne pathogens that attack plants and cause economic losses in many crops. The infested plants show nonspecific symptoms or, often, are symptomless; therefore, diagnosis is performed by taking soil and root tissue samples. Here, we show that a combination of different infrared spectra analysis and machine learning algorithms can be used to detect plant parasitic nematode infestations before symptoms become visible, using leaves instead of roots and soil as samples. We found that tomato and guava plants infested with Meloidogyne enterorlobii produced different spectral patterns compared to uninfested plants. Using partial spectra from 1,450 to 900/cm as the "fingerprint region", principal component analyses indicated that after 5 (tomatoes) or 8 weeks (guava), plants with no visible symptoms of infestations were positively diagnosed. To improve the early detection response, we used machine learning modelling. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to obtain more robust, accurate models. The SVM model contained 34 support vectors, 17 for each level. The overall performance of the model was >97% and the total accuracy was significantly higher, demonstrating the absence of chance prediction. The best prediction of infestation was obtained at the second and fourth weeks for tomatoes and guavas, respectively, reducing the diagnostic time by half. The combined application of these techniques reduces the processing time from field to laboratory and shows enormous advantages by avoiding root and soil sampling.     

1-MCP处理对“丽格”海棠果实采后生理及品质的影响

以"丽格"海棠果实为试材,研究经1.0μL/L的1-MCP处理后,室温(20±1)℃条件下贮藏的海棠果实品质和生理变化,并利用主成分对采后测定的各项生理指标进行分析。结果表明,与不加1-MCP的对照组相比,1-MCP处理可保持海棠果实硬度,抑制可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的升高,减缓VC含量的降低、果皮叶绿素的分解和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的下降,降低呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率,有效地延缓果实衰老,使海棠果更耐贮藏。主成分分析在特征值大于1时将经1-MCP处理后的海棠果实8个生理指标综合为2个因子,累积方差贡献率达到84.44%,其中第1主成分主要代表果肉硬度和叶绿素信息,第2主成分主要代表乙烯释放量信息。     

猴头菇双层奶工艺和配方的研究

以猴头菇、牛奶、鸡蛋为主要原料研发一款猴头菇双层奶，通过感官评价的方法优化猴头菇双层奶的配方和工艺。结果表明，双层奶上层配方为：牛奶200 g、绵白糖38 g、菠萝汁62.5 g、全蛋液41 g、奶粉5 g、明胶1.2 g；下层配方是：牛奶200 g、菇浆24 g、奶粉2.88 g、绵白糖20 g、蛋清35 g、白醋0.2%；上层与下层质量比为8∶92。加工条件为：下层奶在90 ℃的蒸汽下加热35 min，加入上层奶，蒸20 min。按此工艺和配方制得的双层奶层次清晰，颜色分明，上层暖黄色、有弹性及菠萝芳香，下层纯白色、绵软顺滑、味道清淡。